T Cell Receptor (TCR) engagement, co-stimulatory signals, and the presence of inflammatory cytokines. These signals are sensed by mTOR. Once activated, mTOR interacts with and influences T cell signaling pathways essential in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and metabolism. Multiple agonists (TCR engagement and co-stimulation, growths factors, and cytokines) regulate T c...

MAPK signaling cascade initiated by the activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) has been experimentally well studied and analyzed by mathematical modeling extensively [1, 3, 5]. Recently, several studies showed that some of growth hormone-stimulated membrane tyrosine kinase receptors interact with Shc adaptor protein and phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K), and consequently PI3K-activated Akt inhib...

Protein kinase CK2 is a highly conserved serine/ threonine kinase ubiquitously distributed in all investigated eukaryotes and involved in several intracellular pathways which control, among others, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. Similarly, the PI3K-AKT pathway deregulation has been shown to play an important role in tumor development and tumor response to anti-cancer t...

The JAK (Janus kinase)-STAT (Signal transducer and activator of transcription) signal transduction pathway is a cascade of downstream cellular events initiated from outside of the cell through the cell surface to the DNA in the nucleus, causing transcription. The conventional modeling approach for signal transduction pathways involves solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We study her...

results in the first three years, the team managed the care of 812 admissions. mean age wasn 44.3 years (sd = 24.8) and mean length of hospital stay was 6.1 days (sd = 10.9). ofn these individuals, 674 attended for 6 month follow-up with 52.2% having a good outcomen on extended glasgow outcome score. patients and their relatives' feedbacks weren excellent with an average score of 4.7/5 on overa...

Although signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is an essential signaling molecule in many IFN-alpha-regulated processes, some biological responses to IFN-alpha can occur independently of STAT1. To establish the role of STAT1 in mediating the biological actions of IFN-alpha in the CNS, transgenic mice [termed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-IFN-alpha] with astrocyte p...